Body

Current contact: Dave Futer or Matthew Stover

 

The Seminar usually takes place on Wednesdays at 2:45 PM in Room 617 on the sixth floor of Wachman Hall.

  • Tuesday January 18, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Steven Simon, New York University, Two Generalizations of the Ham Sandwich Theorem

     

    The Ham Sandwich theorem states that for any $n$ finite Borel measures on $\mathbb{R}^n$, there exists a hyperplane which bisects each of the measures. This talk will present two generalizations of this theorem. In one direction, we ask for the number of mutually orthogonal hyperplanes which bisect a collection of numbers. This number will be related to the number of linearly independent vector fields on a sphere. The talk will also provide group-theoretic generalizations of the Ham Sandwich Theorem for fundamental regions corresponding to finite subgroups of spheres of dimension $0$, $1$, and $3$.

     

  • Tuesday January 18, 2011 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Matteo Castronovo, Temple University, The Effect of Confinement on Molecular Mechanism Inside Bio-Nanosensors

     

    The explosive increase of research in biology has spurred the need for new techniques and devices that can surmount experimental roadblocks. Current in-vitro techniques cannot accurately identify small differences in concentration in samples containing few molecules in a single or a few cells. Nanotechnology overcomes these limitations with the possibility of fabricating nano-sensors that measure protein amounts down to a hundred molecules.

    The pairing of two complementary strands of DNA, also called DNA hybridization, allows the formation of a stable helical structure. In turn, the pairing mechanism provides DNA molecules with a self-assembly functionality. The latter offers tremendous potential in nanotechnology toward developing programmable nano-sensors. For instance, in our work we fabricate prototypical nanosensors by locally, and chemically attaching short sequences of DNA to a surface. The latter form a confined patch of monolayer (i.e. a DNA brush) at the solid-liquid interface that can be selectively, and reversibly modified by hybridizing the DNA in the brush with a DNA-linked probe-molecule, which is able to recognize a target-molecule in solution. Little is known, however, about the effect of confinement on the mechanism of recognition between molecules inside such systems. In our experimental work we have studied the mechanism by which a restriction enzyme, i.e. a protein that binds DNA and cuts it in a specific site, works inside a DNA brush. We address the effect of confinement by varying the DNA surface density. We unequivocally show that confinement has a quantifiable effect on the reaction. Namely, enzymes do not access to the DNA directly from the solution, but 2D-diffuse inside the DNA brush exclusively from the side. Moreover, if the DNA surface density is sufficiently high, the enzyme becomes completely unable to access the substrate and, therefore, to cut the DNA molecules.

    Our findings demonstrate that DNA-enzyme reaction mechanisms can be significantly altered when occurring in nanoscale materials, and may have broad implications on the design of innovative nanotechnology approaches to biomolecular detection.

     

  • Tuesday February 8, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Mike Davis, Institute for Advanced Study, Right-angledness, flag complexes, asphericity

     

    I will discuss three related constructions of spaces and manifolds and then give necessary and sufficient conditions for the resulting spaces to be aspherical. The first construction is the polyhedral product functor. The second construction involves applying the reflection group trick to a "corner of spaces". The third construction involves pulling back a corner of spaces via a coloring of a simplicial complex. The two main sources of examples of corners which yield aspherical results are: 1) products of aspherical manifolds with (aspherical) boundary and 2) the Borel-Serre bordification of torsion-free arithmetic groups which are nonuniform lattices.

     

  • Tuesday February 15, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Johanna Mangahas Kutluhan, Brown University, Geometry of right-angled Artin groups in mapping class groups

     

    I'll describe joint work with Matt Clay and Chris Leininger. We give sufficient conditions for a finite set of mapping classes to generate a right-angled Artin group. This subgroup is quasi-isometrically embedded in the whole mapping class group, as well as, via the orbit map, in Teichmueller space with either of the standard metrics. Subsurface projection features prominently in the proofs.

     

  • Thursday February 17, 2011 at 16:00, PATCH seminar, at Penn, DRL room 3C8

    GeoTop Seminar

    John Etnyre, Georgia Tech, The Contact Sphere Theorem and Tightness in Contact Metric Manifolds

     

    We establish an analog of the sphere theorem in the setting of contact geometry. Specifically, if a given three dimensional contact manifold admits a compatible Riemannian metric of positive 4/9-pinched curvature then the underlying contact structure is tight. The proof is a blend of topological and geometric techniques. A necessary technical result is a lower bound for the radius of a tight ball in a contact 3-manifold. We will also discuss geometric conditions in dimension three for a contact structure to be universally tight in the nonpositive curvature setting. This is joint work with Rafal Komendarczyk and Patrick Massot.

     

  • Thursday February 17, 2011 at 17:30, PATCH seminar, at Penn, DRL room 3C8

    GeoTop Seminar

    Robert Ghrist, University of Pennsylvania, Braid Floer Homology

     

    The classical Arnold Conjecture concerns the number of 1-periodic orbits of 1-periodic Hamiltonian dynamics on a symplectic manifold.The resolution of this conjecture was the impetus for and first triumphof Floer homology. The present talk considers the problem of periodicorbits of higher periods. In the case (trivial for the Arnold Conjecture)of a 2-dimensional disc, these orbits are braids.

    This talk describes a relative Floer homology that is a topologicalinvariant of (pairs of) braids. This can be used as a forcing theoremfor implying the existence of periodic orbits in 1-periodic Hamiltoniandynamics on a disc.

    This represents joint with with J.B. van den Berg, R. Vandervorst, andW. Wojcik.

     

  • Tuesday February 22, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Elena Fuchs, Institute for Advanced Study, Counting in Apollonian circle packings

     

    Apollonian circle packings are constructed by continuously inscribing circles into the curvilinear triangles formed in a Descartes configuration of mutually tangent circles. An observation of F. Soddy in 1937 is that if any four mutually tangent circles in the packing have integer curvature, then in fact all of the curvatures in the packing will be integers. In the past few years, this observation has led to several developments regarding the number theory of such integer Apollonian packings. In this talk, I will discuss a very generalizable approach to counting integers appearing as curvatures in integer Apollonian packings. I will also discuss some natural questions to consider along these lines. This is joint work with J. Bourgain.

     

  • Tuesday February 22, 2011 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Tim DeVries, University of Pennsylvania, An Algorithm for Bivariate Singularity Analysis

     

    How do you count? Of primary interest to enumerative combinatorists is obtaining counting formulas for various discrete, mathematical objects. For instance, what is the $n$th Fibonacci number? What is the $n,m$th Delannoy number? A common technique is to embed the sequence as the coefficients of a formal power series, known as a generating function. When this function is locally analytic, we hope that its analytic properties may help us to extract asymptotic formulas for its coefficients. We will explore this technique, known as singularity analysis, in the case that the generating function is bivariate rational. We then sketch an algorithm that, for many such generating functions, automatically produces these asymptotic formulas. Despite its combinatorial origins, this algorithm is quite geometric in nature (touching on topics from homology theory, Morse theory, and computational algebraic geometry).

    This is joint work with Robin Pemantle and Joris van der Hoeven.

     

  • Tuesday March 1, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Shiva Kasiviswanathan, IBM, The Price of Privately Releasing Contingency Tables and the Spectra of Random Matrices with Correlated Rows

     

    Contingency (marginal) tables are the method of choice of government agencies for releasing statistical summaries of categorical data. However, if the contingency tables are released exactly, one can reconstruct the individual entries of the data by solving a system of equations. In this talk, we give tight bounds on how much distortion (noise) is necessary in these tables to provide privacy guarantees when the data being summarized is sensitive. Our investigation also leads to new results on the spectra of random matrices with correlated rows.

    Based on joint work with Mark Rudelson, Jonathan Ullman, and Adam Smith.

     

  • Thursday March 17, 2011 at 15:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Penn

    Joel Hass, UC Davis, Width invariants and the physical motion of curves through a medium

     

    The method of gel electrophoresis was developed in the 1970s to separate fragments of DNA as they migrate through a gel, a porous sponge-like medium. An electric current pulls smaller molecules faster than larger ones. When the molecules are closed loops of DNA, biologists believe that the motion is determined by the "average crossing number". However other knot invariants may be relevant to such motion. We define and compute some of these, and relate them to other knot invariants. This is joint work with Hyam Rubinstein and Abigail Thompson.

     

  • Thursday March 17, 2011 at 16:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Penn

    Vera Vertesi, MIT, Transverse positive braid satelites

     

    In this talk I investigate transverse knots in the standard contact structure on $\mathbb{R}^3$. These are knots for which $y>dz/dx$. The name "transverse" comes from the fact that these knots are positively transverse to the contact planes given by the the kernel of the $1$-form $dz-y\, dx$. The classification of transverse knots has been long investigated, and several invariants were defined for their distinction, one classical invariant is the self-linking number of the transverse knot, that can be given as the linking of the knot with its push off by a vectorfield in the contact planes that has a nonzero extension over a Seifert surface. Smooth knot types whose transverse representatives are classified by this classical invariant are called transversaly simple. In this talk I will talk about how transverse simplicity is inherited for positive braid satelites of smooth knot types.

     

  • Tuesday March 29, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Ryan Blair, University of Pennsylvania, Bridge Number and Conway Products

     

    A well known theorem of Schubert tells us that the bridge number of knots is additive with respect to the cut and paste operation of connected sum. The Conway product is a vast generalization of connected sum achieved by removing rational tangles and gluing along 4-punctured spheres. In this talk, we will present a lower bound for the bridge number of a Conway product in terms of the bridge number of the factor knots. Additionally, we will present examples which show this lower bound is sharp.

     

  • Wednesday April 6, 2011 at 16:00, Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ

    GeoTop Seminar

    -Note special location and time- Anne Thomas, Unversity of Sydney, Infinite generation of non-cocompact lattices on right-angled buildings

     

    Let Gamma be a non-cocompact lattice on a right-angled building $X$. Examples of such $X$ include products of trees, or Bourdon's building $I_{p,q}$, which has apartments hyperbolic planes tesselated by right-angled p-gons and all vertex links the complete bipartite graph $K_{q,q}$. We prove that if Gamma has a strict fundamental domain then Gamma is not finitely generated. The proof uses a topological criterion for finite generation and the separation properties of subcomplexes of $X$ called tree-walls. This is joint work with Kevin Wortman (Utah).

     

     

  • Thursday April 7, 2011 at 16:00, PATCH seminar at at Haverford College, KINSC H108

    GeoTop Seminar

    Colin Adams, Williams College, Surfaces in Hyperbolic Knot Complements

     

    Given a knot in the 3-sphere with hyperbolic complement, one would like to try to understand the geometry of Seifert surfaces, essential surfaces with boundary the knot. In unusual cases, which we will discuss, such a surface can be totally geodesic (also called Fuchsian). The existence of such surfaces says a lot about the knot. However, much more common is for the surface to be quasi-Fuchsian. It turns out that many of the results know for Fuchsian surfaces can be extended to quasi-Fuchsian surfaces. Lots of pictures will be included. No familiarity with hyperbolic knots and surfaces will be assumed.

     

  • Thursday April 7, 2011 at 17:00, PATCH seminar at Haverford College, KINSC H108

    GeoTop Seminar

    Lenhard Ng, Duke University, Transverse Homology

     

    Knot contact homology is a combinatorial Floer-theoretic knot invariant derived from Symplectic Field Theory. I'll discuss a filtered version of this invariant, transverse homology, which turns out to be a fairly effective invariant of transverse knots.

     

  • Tuesday April 12, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Dylan Thurston, Barnard College, Columbia Unversity, Stress matrices and rigidity

     

    When do the lengths of the edges of a straight-edge framework determine the positions of the vertices? The problem comes up all the time in applications ranging molecular biology to sensor networks to computer vision. But it also turns out that the problem is NP-hard in general. It becomes easier if you require the initial position to be generic; then there is a polynomial algorithm based on the \emph{stress matrix} of the graph. But even in this case, actually reconstructing the positions from the edge-length is difficult. There is a good algorithm in case the framework is \emph{universally} rigid: the edge lengths determine the framework independently of the embedding dimension. There is again a characterization of such frameworks in terms of the stress matrix.

    This is joint work with Steven Gortler and Alex Healy.

     

  • Tuesday April 12, 2011 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Nathan Dunfield, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, The least spanning area of a knot and the Optimal Bounding Chain Problem

     

    Two fundamental objects in knot theory are the minimal genus surface and the least area surface bounded by a knot in a 3-dimensional manifold. While these two surfaces are not necessarily the same, when the knot is embedded in a general 3-manifold, the two problems were shown earlier this decade to be NP-complete and NP-hard respectively. However, there is evidence that the special case when the ambient manifold is R^3, or more generally when the second homology is trivial, should be considerably more tractable. Indeed, we show here that the least area surface can be found in polynomial time. The precise setting is that the knot is a 1-dimensional subcomplex of a triangulation of the ambient 3-manifold. The main tool we use is a linear programming formulation of the Optimal Bounding Chain Problem (OBCP), where one is required to find the smallest norm chain with a given boundary. While the OBCP is NP-complete in general, we give conditions under which it can be solved in polynomial time. We then show that the least area surface can be constructed from the optimal bounding chain using a standard desingularization argument from 3-dimensional topology. We also prove that the related Optimal Homologous Chain Problem is NP-complete for homology with integer coefficients, complementing the corresponding result of Chen and Freedman for mod 2 homology.

     

  • Tuesday April 26, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Julien Roger, Rutgers University, Quantum Teichmueller theory and conformal field theory

     

    The aim of this talk is to investigate the possible connection between the quantum Teichmueller space and a certain type of conformal field theory. I will first introduce the notion of a modular functor arising from conformal field theory, and its applications to low dimensional topology. Then I will describe the construction of the quantum Teichmueller space, emphasizing the relationship with hyperbolic geometry. Finally, I will describe a possible connection between the two constructions, focusing on the notion of factorization rule. The key ingredients here are the Deligne-Mumford compactification of the moduli space and its Weil-Petersson geometry. I will introduce these notions as well.

     

  • Tuesday April 26, 2011 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Rob Kusner, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Knots and Links as Ropes, Bands and Branched Coverings

     

    What is the geometry of tightly knotted rope? How, for example, is its length related to combinatorial or algebraic knot invariants? Or what shapes are typical of tight knots and links? We'll discuss recent progress on these "ropelength criticality" issues, and also explore some simpler, potentially more computable, ideal geometric models, including one which realizes knots and links as the "fattest" annuli on a Riemann surface branched covering the sphere.

     

  • Tuesday August 30, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Neil Hoffman, Boston College, Hidden symmetries and cyclic commensurability for small knot complements

     

    Two hyperbolic orbifolds are commensurable if they share a common finite sheeted cover. Commensurability forms an equivalence relation on the set of hyperbolic orbifolds. Conjecturally, there are only three knot complements in a given commensurability class. Furthermore, if two knot complements are commensurable, Boyer, Boileau, Cebanu, and Walsh show that they are either cyclically commensurable, ie cover an orbifold with multiple finite cyclic fillings or they admit hidden symmetries, ie they cover an orbifold with a rigid cusp. After providing some of the necessary background, I will show that small, cyclically commensurable knot complements do not admit hidden symmetries.

     

  • Tuesday September 13, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Andrew Cooper, University of Pennsylvania, Singular time of the Ricci and mean curvature flows

     

    The mean curvature flow (MCF) and Ricci flow (RF) are quasilinear parabolic equations; hence solutions are expected to develop singularities in finite time. It is straightforward that in each case, the relevant full curvature tensor (for MCF, the second fundamental form; for RF the Riemann tensor) must blow up at such a singularity. This talk will address whether it is possible characterise the singular time of these flows by a weaker criterion. I will present an argument of Sesum to show that the Ricci tensor must blow up at a finite-time singularity of the RF, and adapt it to show that in MCF the second fundamental form must blow up, roughly speaking, in the direction of the mean curvature vector. Time permitting, I will give two independent proofs that under a mildness assumption for the singularity, the mean curvature itself must blow up.

     

     

  • Tuesday September 20, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Will Cavendish, Princeton University, Finite sheeted covers of 3-manifolds and the Cohomology of Solenoids

     

    Given a compact manifold $M$, the inverse limit of the set of all finite sheeted covering spaces over $M$ yields compact topological space $\widehat{M}$ called a solenoid that can be thought of as a pro-finite version of the universal cover of $M$. While such an object can in general be quite complicated, I will show in this talk that if $M$ is a compact aspherical 3-manifold then $\widehat{M}$ has the Cech cohomology of a disk. I will then talk about the relevance of this result to the study of finite sheeted covering spaces and lifting problems in 3-manifold theory.

     

     

  • Thursday September 22, 2011 at 16:30, PATCH seminar, at Penn, DRL room 4C8

    GeoTop Seminar

    Andras Stipsicz, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and IAS, Tight contact structures on 3-manifolds.

     

    After reviewing results about the existence of tight contact structures on closed 3-manifolds, we show how to use Heegaard Floer theory (in particular, the contact Ozsvath-Szabo invariant) to verify tightness of certain contact structureson 3-maniolds given by surgery along specific knots in S^3.

     

  • Thursday September 22, 2011 at 18:00, PATCH seminar, at Penn, DRL room 3C8

    GeoTop Seminar

    Andrew Cooper, University of Pennsylvania, A characterisation of the singular time of the mean curvature flow

     

    The mean curvature flow (MCF) is a quasilinear parabolic equation; hence solutions are expected to develop singularities in finite time. It is straightforward that the second fundamental form must blow up at such a finite-time singularity.

    This talk will address whether it is possible to characterise the singular time by a weaker criterion. I will show that in MCF the second fundamental form must blow up, roughly speaking, in the direction of the mean curvature vector. Time permitting, I will give two independent proofs that under a mildness assumption for the singularity, the mean curvature vector itself must blow up, and mention connections to some results for the Ricci flow.

     

     

  • Tuesday October 4, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Dave Futer, Temple University, Detecting fiber surfaces

     

    For a knot diagram $D(K)$, a state surface is a certain surface with boundary along $K$, algorithmically constructed from $D(K)$ by making a binary choice at each crossing. This construction generalizes Seifert's algorithm for constructing an orientable surface with boundary $K$. I will describe this construction and discuss a simple diagrammatic criterion that characterizes when one of these state surfaces is a fiber in the knot complement $S^3 \setminus K$.

     

     

  • Tuesday October 11, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Ryan Blair, University of Pennsylvania, Bridge number and tangle product of knots

     

    Tangle product is a very general operation in which two knots are amalgamated together to create a third. The operation of tangle product generalizes both connected sum and Conway product of knots. The bridge number of a knot is the fewest number of maxima necessary to form an embedding of the knot in 3-space. I will present results showing that, under certain hypotheses involving the distance of a minimal bridge surface in the curve complex, the bridge number of a tangle product is at least the sum of the bridge numbers of the two factor links up to a constant error.

     

     

  • Thursday October 20, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 447

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Penn

    -Note different room-

    Jason DeBlois, University of Pittsburgh, Algebraic invariants, mutation, and commensurability of link complements

     

    I'll describe a family of two-component links with the property that many algebraic invariants of their complements can be easily computed, and describe the commensurability relation among its members. Some mutants have commensurable complements and others do not. I'll relate this to some open questions about knot complements.

     

  • Thursday October 20, 2011 at 17:00, Wachman 447

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Penn

    -Note different room-

    Matt Hedden, Michigan State University, Contact structures associated to "rational" open books and their invariants

     

    A well-worn construction of Thurston and Winkelnkemper associates an essentially unique contact structure to an open book decomposition of a 3-manifold. Such a decomposition is essentially a choice of fibered knot or link in the 3-manifold, i.e. a link whose complement is a surface bundle over the circle in a "particular way". I'll discuss how to relax this "particular way" so knots which aren't even null-homologous can still be considered fibered. The generalized open book structures that result are also related to contact geometry, and I'll discuss invariants of these contact structures coming from Heegaard Floer homology. Our invariants can be fruitfully employed to populate the contact geometric universe with examples, and to better understand how it behaves under Dehn surgery. Using this latter understanding, I'll discuss possible implications for the Berge Conjecture, a purely topological conjecture about the knots in the 3-sphere on which one can perform surgery and obtain lens spaces. This is joint work with Olga Plamenevskaya.

     

     

  • Tuesday November 1, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Chris Atkinson, Temple University, Small volume link orbifolds

     

    We will discuss recent joint work with Dave Futer in which we study hyperbolic 3-orbifolds having singular locus a link. We have identified the smallest volume hyperbolic 3-orbifold having base space the 3-sphere and singular locus a knot. We also identify the smallest volume hyperbolic 3-orbifold with base space any homology 3-sphere and singular locus a link. With weaker homology assumptions, we obtain a lower bound on the volume of any link orbifold.

     

  • Thursday November 3, 2011 at 16:00, PATCH seminar, at Bryn Mawr, Park Science Building room 336

    GeoTop Seminar

    Frédéric Bourgeois, Université Libre de Bruxelles, $S^1$-equivariant symplectic homology and contact homology

     

    In this joint work with Alexandru Oancea, we construct an $S^1$-equivariant version of symplectic homology. We then describe various algebraic structures as well as a simpler computational approach for this invariant. Finally, we sketch the proof that this invariant coincides with (linearized) contact homology. The advantage of the first invariant is that transversality results can be established for large classes of symplectic manifolds, while for contact homology, the corresponding results would rely on the recent theory of polyfolds.

     

  • Thursday November 3, 2011 at 17:00, PATCH seminar, at Bryn Mawr, Park Science Building room 336

    GeoTop Seminar

    Ana Lecuona, Penn State University, Montesinos knots and the slice-ribbon conjecture

     

    The slice-ribbon conjecture states that a knot in the three sphere is the boundary of an embedded disc in the four ball if and only if it bounds a disc in the sphere which has only ribbon singularities. This conjecture was proposed by Fox in the early 70s. There doesn't seem to be any conceptual reason for it to be true, but large families of knots (i.e. pretzel knots, two bridge knots) satisfy it. In this seminar we will prove that the conjecture remains valid for a large family of Montesinos knots. The proof is based on Donaldson's diagonalization theorem for definite four manifolds.

     

  • Tuesday November 8, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Haggai Nuchi, University of Pennsylvania, Geometry of triple linking

     

    Gauss produced a formula for the linking number of a 2-component link in Euclidean space. This formula involves an integral with the property that the integrand is geometrically natural, i.e. it remains unchanged under rigid motions of the link. I will describe joint work producing an analogous integral formula for the Milnor triple linking number of a three-component link in Euclidean space, with the property that the integrand is again geometrically natural.

     

     

  • Tuesday November 15, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Feng Luo, Rutgers University, Solving Thurston's equation in the real numbers

     

    Thurston's equation defined on triangulated 3-manifolds tends to find hyperbolic structures. It is usually solved in the complex numbers. We are interested in solving Thurston's equation in the real numbers and we establish a variational principle associated to such solutions.

     

  • Tuesday November 22, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Kei Nakamura, Temple University, On convex and non-convex Fuchsian polyhedral realizations of hyperbolic surfaces with a single conical singularity.

     

    For a hyperbolic surface \(S\) with genus \(g \geq 2\) and with some conical singularities of positive curvatures, its Fuchsian polyhedral realization is an incompressible isometric embedding of \(S\) in a Fuchsian cylinder \(\mathbb{H}^3/\Gamma\) for some Fuchsian group \(\Gamma\) with genus \(g\) such that the image is a piecewise totally geodesic polyhedral surface. It is known by a theorem of Fillastre that, for any such \(S\), there exists a unique convex Fuchsian polyhedral realization. We will describe the geometry of convex and non-convex Fuchsian polyhedral realizations when \(S\) has a single conical singularity, and show that the convex case indeed corresponds to the Delaunay triangulation of \(S\).

     

  • Tuesday November 29, 2011 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Abhijit Champanerkar, CUNY College of Staten Island, Volume bounds for generalized twisted torus links

     

    Twisted torus knots and links are given by twisting adjacent strands of a torus link. They are geometrically simple and contain many examples of the smallest volume hyperbolic knots. Many are also Lorenz links. In this talk we will discuss the geometry of twisted torus links and related generalizations. We will give upper bounds on their hyperbolic volume and exhibit many families of twisted torus knots with interesting properties. This is joint work with David Futer, Ilya Kofman, Walter Neumann and Jessica Purcell.

     

Body

Current contact: Dave Futer or Matthew Stover

 

The Seminar usually takes place on Wednesdays at 2:45 PM in Room 617 on the sixth floor of Wachman Hall.

  • Tuesday January 17, 2012 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Special undergrad talk:

    Henry Segerman, University of Melbourne, Some mathematical sculptures

     

    I will talk about some $3D$ printed mathematical sculptures I have designed. I'll say a little about the mathematical ideas behind them, and how they were produced. In the second half, I'll talk about sculptures of space filling curves, how wobbly they are, and fractal graph structures designed to be more robust.

     

     

  • Tuesday January 17, 2012 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Jean Sun, Yale University, Growth, projections and bounded generation of mapping class groups

     

    We investigate the non-bounded generation of subgroups of mapping class groups through the hierarchy in curve complexes developed by Masur and Minsky (2000). We compare the subsurface projections to nearest point projections in curve complexes and extend Behrstock's inequality to include geodesics in curve complexes of subsurfaces in the Inequality on Triples in Bestivina-Bromberg-Fujiwara (2010). Based on this inequality, we can estimate translation lengths of words in the form $g_1^{n_1}\cdots g_k^{n_k}$ when $\sum |n_k|$ is sufficiently large for any given sequence $ (g_i)_1^k$ in a mapping class group. With a growth argument, we further show that any subgroup of a mapping class group is boundedly generated if and only if it is virtually abelian.

     

     

  • Tuesday January 24, 2012 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Tian Yang, Rutgers University, The skein algebra and the decorated Teichmuller space

     

    The Kauffman bracket skein module $K(M)$ of a $3$-manifold $M$ is defined by Przytycki and Turaev as an invariant for framed links in $M$ satisfying the Kauffman skein relation. For a compact oriented surface $S$, it is shown by Bullock--Frohman--Kania-Bartoszynska and Przytycki-Sikora that $K(S\times [0,1])$ is a quantization of the $SL_2\mathbb{C}$-characters of the fundamental group of $S$ with respect to the Goldman--Weil--Petersson Poisson bracket.

     

    In a joint work with J. Roger, we define a skein algebra of a punctured surface as an invariant for not only framed links but also framed arcs in $S\times [0,1]$ satisfying the skein relations of crossings both in the surface and at punctures. This algebra quantizes a Poisson algebra of loops and arcs on $S$ in the sense of deformation of Poisson structures. This construction provides a tool to quantize the decorated Teichmuller space; and the key ingredient in this construction is a collection of geodesic lengths identities in hyperbolic geometry which generalizes/is inspired by Penner's Ptolemy relation, the trace identity and Wolpert's cosine formula.

     

     

  • Tuesday January 31, 2012 at 16:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Harold Sultan, Columbia University, Asymptotic geometry of Teichmuller space and divergence

     

     

    I will talk about the asymptotic geometry of Teichmuller space equipped with the Weil-Petersson metric. In particular, I will give a criterion for determining when two points in the asymptotic cone of Teichmuller space can be separated by a point; motivated by a similar characterization in mapping class groups by Behrstock-Kleiner-Minsky-Mosher and in right angled Artin groups by Behrstock-Charney. As a corollary, I will explain a new way to uniquely characterize the Teichmuller space of the genus two once punctured surface amongst all Teichmuller space in that it has a divergence function which is superquadratic yet subexponential.

     

     

  • Tuesday January 31, 2012 at 17:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Inanc Baykur, Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Bonn, Surface bundles and Lefschetz fibrations

     

    Surface bundles and Lefschetz fibrations over surfaces constitute a rich source of examples of smooth, symplectic, and complex manifolds. Their sections and multisections carry interesting information on the smooth structure of the underlying four-manifold. In this talk I will discuss several problems and results on (multi)sections of surface bundles and Lefschetz fibrations; joint with Mustafa Korkmaz and Naoyuki Monden. In the second part of the talk I will demonstrate the contrast(s) between symplectic and holomorphic fibrations. The talk will feature various construction techniques, where mapping class group factorizations will play a leading role.

     

     

  • Tuesday February 14, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Thomas Church, Stanford University, Representation theory and homological stability

  • Tuesday February 14, 2012 at 17:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Mark Sapir, Vanderbilt University, Asymptotic properties of mapping class groups

     

    We study asymptotic cones of mapping class groups. The main result states that the asymptotic cones equivariantly embed into a direct product of finitely many $\mathbb{R}$--trees. Several known and new algebraic properties of the mapping class group follow. This is joint work with J. Behrstock and C. Drutu.

     

  • Tuesday February 21, 2012 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Thomas Koberda, Harvard University, Mapping class groups and finite covers

     

    I will give a survey of results concerning the actions of a mapping class on the homology of various finite covers to which it lifts. I will draw connections to 3-manifold theory, especially largeness, growth of torsion homology and Alexander polynomials.

     

     

  • Tuesday February 28, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Penn

    Morwen Thistlethwaite, University of Tennessee, Finding and deforming representations of 3-manifold groups.

     

    Some assorted methods are described for finding exact specifications of representations of 3-manifold groups into classical matrix groups. These include (i) a method for finding hyperbolic structures on links that does not involve an ideal triangulation of the link complement, and (ii) deformations away from the hyperbolic structure of certain closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds.

     

  • Tuesday February 28, 2012 at 17:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Penn:

    Nancy Hingston, The College of New Jersey and IAS, Loop products and dynamics.

     

    A metric on a compact manifold M gives rise to a length function on the free loop space LM whose critical points are the closed geodesics on M in the given metric. Morse theory gives a link between Hamiltonian dynamics and the topology of loop spaces, between iteration of closed geodesics and the algebraic structure given by the Chas-Sullivan product on the homology of LM. Geometry reveals the existence of a related product on the cohomology of LM.

    A number of known results on the existence of closed geodesics are naturally expressed in terms of nilpotence of products. We use products to prove a resonance result for the loop homology of spheres.

    I will not assume any prior knowledge of loop products.

    Mark Goresky, Hans-Bert Rademacher, and (work in progress) Ralph Cohen and Nathalie Wahl are collaborators.

     

  • Tuesday March 13, 2012 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Darlan Girao, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Rank gradient of hyperbolic 3-manifolds

     

    An important line of research in 3-dimensional topology is the study of the behavior of the rank of the fundamental groups of the finite sheeted covers of an orientable hyperbolic 3-manifold. In this talk I will present some outstanding open problems and recent developments in the area. I will also construct what seems to be the first examples of such manifolds which have co-final towers of finite sheeted covers for which the rank of the fundamental groups grow linearly with the degree of the covers.

     

     

  • Thursday March 15, 2012 at 16:30, PATCH seminar, at Penn, DRL room 4C8

    GeoTop Seminar

    Eli Grigsby, Boston College, A relationship between representation-theoretic and Floer-theoretic braid invariants

     

    Given a braid, one can associate to it a collection of “categorified” braid invariants in two apparently different ways: “algebraically,” via the representation theory of Uq(sl2) (using ideas of Khovanov and Seidel) and “geometrically," via Floer theory (specifically, Ozsvath-Szabo´s Heegaard Floer homology package as extended by Lipshitz-Ozsvath-Thurston). Both collections of invariants are strong enough to detect the trivial braid. I will discuss what we know so far about the connection between these invariants, focusing on the relationship between the representation theory and the Floer theory. This is joint ongoing work with Denis Auroux and Stephan Wehrli.

     

  • Thursday March 15, 2012 at 17:30, PATCH seminar, at Penn, DRL room 4C8

    GeoTop Seminar

    Gerard Misiolek, Notre Dame University and IAS, Right-invariant metrics on diffeomorphism groups

     

    I will focus on metrics of Sobolev type. As pointed out by V. Arnold, motions of an ideal fluid in a compact manifold M correspond to geodesics of a right-invariant L^2 metric on the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of M. I will discuss recent results on the structure of singularities of the associated exponential map. Time permitting I will also describe the geometry of an H^1 metric on the space of densities on M and its relation to geometric statistics.

     

  • Tuesday March 20, 2012 at 17:00, WAchman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Genevieve Walsh, Tufts University, Right-angled Coxeter groups and acute triangulations.

     

    A triangulation of $S^2$ yields a right-angled Coxeter group whose defining graph is the one-skeleton of that triangulation. In this case, the Coxeter group is the orbifold-fundamental group of a reflection orbifold which is finitely covered by a 3-manifold. We investigate the relationship between acute triangulations of $S^2$ and the geometry of the associated right-angled Coxeter group.

     

    This is joint work in progress with Sam Kim.

     

     

  • Tuesday March 27, 2012 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Igor Rivin, Temple University, How many ways can you fiber a manifold?

     

    Can a manifold fiber in more than one way? Can a group be an extension in two ways? Can we restrict the fiber and base types? I will give a quick survey of some results on these questions.

     

     

  • Tuesday April 3, 2012 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Scott Wolpert, University of Maryland, Weil-Petersson Riemannian and symplectic geometry

     

    We discuss the correspondence between Weil-Petersson geometry on Teichmuller space $T$ and the hyperbolic geometry of surfaces, the unions of thrice punctured spheres. A theme is that the mapping class group is the symmetry group of geometries of $T$.

     

     

  • Tuesday April 17, 2012 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Jeff Brock, Brown University, Fat, exhausted integer homology spheres

     

    Since Perelman's groundbreaking proof of the geometrization conjecture for three-manifolds, the possibility of exploring tighter correspondences between geometric and algebraic invariants of three-manifolds has emerged. In this talk, we address the question of how homology interacts with hyperbolic geometry in 3-dimensions, providing examples of hyperbolic integer homology spheres that have large injectivity radius on most of their volume. (Indeed such examples can be produced that arise as $(1,n)$-Dehn filling on knots in the three-sphere). Such examples fit into a conjectural framework of Bergeron, Venkatesh and others providing a counterweight to phenomena arising in the setting of arithmetic Kleinian groups. This is joint work with Nathan Dunfield.

     

     

  • Friday April 20, 2012 at 15:00, PATCH seminar, at Haverford College, KINSC H108

    GeoTop Seminar

    Liam Watson, UCLA, L-Spaces and Left-Orderability

  • Friday April 20, 2012 at 16:30, PATCH seminar, at Haverford College, KINSC H108

    GeoTop Seminar

    David Gay, University of Georgia, Using Morse 2-Functions to Trisect 4-manifolds

  • Tuesday April 24, 2012 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    -Note different time- Special undergrad talk:

    Joel David Hamkins, City University of New York, Fun and paradox with large numbers, logic and infinity

     

    Are there some real numbers that in principle cannot be described? What is the largest natural number that can be written or described in ordinary type on a 3x5 index card? Which is bigger, a googol-bang-plex or a googol-plex-bang? Is every natural number interesting? Is every true statement provable? Does every mathematical problem ultimately reduce to a computational procedure? Is every sentence either true or false or neither true nor false? Can one complete a task involving infinitely many steps? We will explore these and many other puzzles and paradoxes involving large numbers, logic and infinity, and along the way, learn some interesting mathematics.

     

     

  • Tuesday September 4, 2012 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    -Note different time-

    Brian Rushton, Temple University, An introduction to subdivision rules and Cannon's conjecture

     

    Hyperbolic 3-space has a useful sphere at infinity, and any group acting geometrically on it has a sphere at infinity as well. It is not known if the converse is true; this is Cannon's conjecture about Gromov hyperbolic groups with a 2-sphere at infinity. Subdivision rules were developed in an attempt to solve this conjecture. We will discuss the background of Cannon's conjecture, subdivision rules, and what it means for a subdivision rule to be conformal.

     

     

  • Tuesday September 11, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Brian Rushton, Temple University, An introduction to subdivision rules and Cannon's conjecture (Part 2)

     

    Hyperbolic 3-space has a useful sphere at infinity, and any group acting geometrically on it has a sphere at infinity as well. It is not known if the converse is true; this is Cannon's conjecture about Gromov hyperbolic groups with a 2-sphere at infinity. Subdivision rules were developed in an attempt to solve this conjecture. We will discuss the background of Cannon's conjecture, subdivision rules, and what it means for a subdivision rule to be conformal.

     

     

  • Friday September 21, 2012 at 14:00, Wachman 527

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Penn -Note different location-

    Thomas Koberda, Yale University, The complex of curves for a right-angled Artin group

     

    I will discuss an analogue of the curve complex for right-angled Artin groups and describe some of its properties. I will then show how it guides parallel results between the theory of mapping class groups and the theory of right-angled Artin groups. Joint with Sang-hyun Kim.

     

  • Friday September 21, 2012 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Penn

    Eriko Hironaka, Florida State University, Small dilatation pseudo-Anosov mapping classes

     

    A pseudo-Anosov mapping classes on a compact finite-type oriented surface S has the property that the growth rate of lengths of an essential simple closed curve under iterations of the mapping class is exponential, and the growth rate is independent of the choice of curve and the of the choice of metric. This growth rate is called that dilatation of the mapping class. In this talk, we discuss the problem of describing small dilatation pseudo-Anosov mapping classes, i.e., those such that the dilatation raised to the topological Euler characteristic of the surface is bounded. We describe small dilatation mapping classes in terms of deformations within fibered faces, and give some explicit examples. We finish the talk with a conjecture concerning the "shape" of small dilatation mapping classes.

     

  • Friday September 21, 2012 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Penn

    Andrew Putman, Rice University, Stability in the homology of congruence subgroups

     

    I'll discuss some recent results which uncover new patterns in the homology groups of congruence subgroups of $SL_n(\mathbb{Z})$ and related groups.

     

  • Tuesday October 2, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Bill Floyd, Virginia Tech, Finite subdivision rules and rational maps

     

    A finite subdivision rule gives an essentially combinatorial method for recursively subdividing planar complexes. The theory was developed (as part of an approach to Cannon's conjecture) as a tool for studying the recursive structure at infinity of Gromov-hyperbolic groups, but it is becoming increasingly useful for studying postcritically finite rational maps. I'll give an overview (with lots of graphic images) of some of the connections between finite subdivision rules and rational maps.

     

     

  • Tuesday October 9, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Patricia Cahn, University of Pennsylvania, Algebras counting intersections and self-intersections of curves

     

    Goldman and Turaev discovered a Lie bialgebra structure on the vector space generated by free homotopy classes of loops on an oriented surface. Goldman's Lie bracket gives a lower bound on the minimum number of intersection points of two loops in two given free homotopy classes. Turaev's Lie cobracket gives a lower bound on the minimum number of self-intersection points of a loop in a given free homotopy class. Chas showed that these bounds are not equalities in general. We show that for other operations, namely, the Andersen-Mattes-Reshetikhin Poisson bracket and a new operation $\mu$, the corresponding bounds are always equalities. Some of this is joint work with Vladimir Chernov.

     

     

  • Tuesday October 16, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Stefan Friedl, Universität zu Köln, The virtual fibering theorem for 3-manifolds

     

    In 2007, Agol showed that any irreducible 3-manifold such that its fundamental groups is 'virtually RFRS' is virtually fibered. I will give a somewhat different proof using complexities of sutured manifolds. This is joint work with Takahiro Kitayama.

     

     

  • Tuesday October 23, 2012 at 14:30, Wachman 527

    GeoTop Seminar

    -Note different location and time-

    Christian Millichap, Temple University, How many hyperbolic 3-manifolds can have the same volume?

     

    The work of Jorgensen and Thurston shows that there is a finite number $N(v)$ of orientable hyperbolic 3-manifolds with any given volume $v$. In this talk, we construct examples showing that the number of hyperbolic knot complements with a given volume v can grow at least factorially fast with $v$. A similar statement holds for closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds, obtained via Dehn surgery. Furthermore, we give explicit estimates for lower bounds of $N(v)$ in terms of $v$ for these examples. These results improve upon the work of Hodgson and Masai, which describes examples that grow exponentially fast with $v$. Our constructions rely on performing volume preserving mutations along Conway spheres and on the classification of Montesinos knots.

     

     

     

  • Tuesday October 23, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Julien Roger, Rutgers University, Ptolemy groupoids, shear coordinates and the augmented Teichmuller space

     

    Given a punctured surface $S$, its Ptolemy groupoid is a natural object associated to ideal triangulations on the surface. The action of the mapping class group on ideal triangulations extends to a homomorphism to this groupoid. Using hyperbolic geometry, in our context shear coordinates on Teichmuller space, this can be used to construct representations of the mapping class group in terms of rational functions. This was studied first by R. Penner using the closely related $\lambda$-length coordinates.

     

    In this talk we will describe how this construction behaves when pinching simple closed curves on $S$. This has combinatorial implications, with the construction of ideal triangulations on pinched surfaces and the effect on the Ptolemy groupoid, and geometrical, with a natural extension of shear coordinates to the augmented Teichmuller space. In both cases we explain how this applies to the action of the mapping class group. If time permits we will describe some possible applications to the study of quantum Teichmuller theory.

     

     

  • Friday October 26, 2012 at 14:30, PATCH seminar, at Bryn Mawr, Park Science Building room 336

    GeoTop Seminar

    Emmy Murphy, MIT, Loose Legendrian knots in high dimensional contact manifolds

     

    The goal of this talk will be to define loose Legendrian knots in high dimensions, and state their classification. No prior knowledge of contact topology will be assumed; we will start by defining and drawing pictures of Legendrian knots in high dimensions. We will then define what it means for a Legendrian to be loose, and prove some of their basic existence properties, such as their $C^0$ density and their existence in any formal isotopy class. We will then state their classification up to Legendrian isotopy, and discuss various applications of their classification to high dimensional symplectic/contact topology. Time permitting, we will contrast with the 3-dimensional setting, and present some relevant open questions.

     

     

  • Friday October 26, 2012 at 16:00, PATCH seminar, at Bryn Mawr, Park Science Building room 336

    GeoTop Seminar

    Dave Futer, Temple University, The virtual Haken conjecture

     

    In 1968, Friedhelm Waldhausen posed the following conjecture: every closed, aspherical 3-manifold has a finite-sheeted cover containing an incompressible surface. After more than 40 years with essentially minimal progress, this conjecture fell in Spring 2012, due to the combined efforts of Ian Agol, Jeremy Kahn, Vladimir Markovic, and Daniel Wise, plus significant input from several others.

     

    In addition to proving Waldhausen's conjecture, their solution established several other stunning and unexpected results about 3--manifolds, particularly hyperbolic 3-manifolds. The ingredients of the proof range from ergodic theory to group theory. I will survey some of the context of the conjecture and give a top-level outline of the proof.

     

     

  • Tuesday November 13, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Viveka Erlandsson, CUNY Graduate Center, The Margulis region in hyperbolic 4-space

     

    Given a discrete subgroup of the isometries of n-dimensional hyperbolic space there is always a region kept precisely invariant under the stabilizer of a parabolic fixed point, called the Margulis region. In dimensions 2 and 3 this region is always a horoball, In higher dimensions this is no longer true due to the existence of screw parabolic elements. There are examples of discrete groups acting on hyperbolic 4-space containing a screw parabolic element for which there is no precisely invariant horoball. Hence the Margulis region must have some other shape. In this talk we describe the asymptotic shape of this region. If time allows we show that for a certain class of screw parabolic elements, the region is quasi-isometric to a horoball. This is joint work with Saeed Zakeri.

     

     

  • Tuesday November 20, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Joseph Maher, CUNY College of Staten Island, Statistics for Teichmuller geodesics

     

    We describe two ways of picking a geodesic "at random" in a space, one coming from the standard Lebesgue measure on the visual sphere, and the other coming from random walks. The spaces we're interested in are hyperbolic space and Teichmuller space, together with some discrete group action on the space. We investigate the growth rate of word length as you move along the geodesic, and we show these growth rates are different depending on how you choose the geodesic. This is joint work with Vaibhav Gadre and Giulio Tiozzi.

     

     

  • Thursday November 29, 2012 at 15:30, PATCH seminar, at Penn, DRL room 4C8

    GeoTop Seminar

    John Pardon, Stanford University, Totally disconnected groups (not) acting on three-manifolds

     

    Hilberts Fifth Problem asks whether every topological group which is a manifold is in fact a (smooth!) Lie group; this was solved inthe affirmative by Gleason and Montgomery-Zippin. A stronger conjectureis that a locally-compact topological group which acts faithfully on a manifold must be a Lie group. This is the Hilbert-Smith Conjecture, which in full generality is still wide open. It is known, however (as acorollary to the work of Gleason and Montgomery-Zippin) that it suffices to rule out the case of the additive group of p-adic integers acting faithfully on a manifold. I will present a solution in dimension three. The proof uses tools from low-dimensional topology, for example incompressible surfaces, minimal surfaces, and a property of the mapping class group.

     

     

  • Thursday November 29, 2012 at 17:00, PATCH seminar, at Penn, DRL room 4C8

    GeoTop Seminar

    Larry Guth, MIT, Contraction of areas and homotopy-type of mappings

     

    I'm going to talk about connections between the geometry of a map and its homotopy type. Suppose that we have a map from the unit \(m\)-sphere to the unit \(n\)-sphere. We say that the \(k\)-dilation of the map is \(< L\) if each \(k\)-dimensional surface with \(k\)-dim volume \(V\) is mapped to an image with \(k\)-dim volume at most \(LV\). Informally, if the \(k\)-dilation of a map is less than a small \(\epsilon\), it means the map strongly shrinks each \(k\)-dimensional surface. Our main question is: can a map with very small \(k\)-dilation still be homotopically non-trivial?

     

    Here are the main results. If \(k > (m+1)/2\), then there are homotopically non-trivial maps from \(S^m\) to \(S^{m-1}\) with arbitrarily small \(k\)-dilation. But if \(k \leq (m+1)/2\), then every homotopically non-trivial map from \(S^m\) to \(S^{m-1}\) has \(k\)-dilation at least \(c(m) > 0\).

     

     

  • Tuesday December 4, 2012 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Richard Kent, University of Wisconsin, Geometric subgroups of mapping class groups

     

    Farb and Mosher introduced the notion of convex cocompactness from the theory of Kleinian groups to the study of mapping class groups of surfaces. This notion bears upon questions such as Gromov's weak hyperbolization conjecture for groups and the question of the existence of hyperbolic surface bundles over surfaces. I will discuss these questions and related attempts to find purely pseudo-Anosov surface subgroups of mapping class groups.

     

     

     

Body

Current contact: Dave Futer or Matthew Stover

 

The Seminar usually takes place on Wednesdays at 2:45 PM in Room 617 on the sixth floor of Wachman Hall.

  • Tuesday January 26, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Chris Atkinson, Temple University, A combinatorial lower bound on the volume of hyperbolic Coxeter polyhedra

  • Tuesday February 2, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Will Cavendish, Princeton University, On the growth rate of the Weil-Petersson diameter of moduli space

  • Tuesday February 9, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Ara Basmajian, CUNY, Length bounds for self-intersecting geodesics

  • Tuesday February 16, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Moon Duchin, University of Michigan, Measuring the failure of hyperbolicity

  • Tuesday February 23, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Shawn Rafalski, Fairfield University, Small hyperbolic polyhedra

  • Tuesday March 2, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Joseph Maher, CUNY, Generic elements of the mapping class group

  • Tuesday March 16, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Ken Shackleton, University of Tokyo, On the coarse geometry of Teichmuller space

  • Tuesday March 23, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Louis Theran, Temple University, Parallel redrawing, rigidity, and slider-pinning

  • Tuesday April 6, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Ian Biringer, Yale University, Geometric consequences of algebraic rank in hyperbolic 3-manifolds

  • Tuesday April 13, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Karin Melnick, University of Maryland, Normal forms for conformal vector fields

  • Monday April 19, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 447

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr & Haverford

    John Baldwin, Princeton University, Contact monoids and Stein cobordisms

  • Monday April 19, 2010 at 17:00, Wachman 447

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr & Haverford

    Josh Sabloff, Haverford College, Lagrangian caps for Legendrian knots via generating families

  • Tuesday November 9, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    John Humphrey, EM Photonics, Using GPUs to Improve Numerical Calculations

     

    GPUs have been a topic of intense research for accelerating numerical processing, due to their high FLOPS/dollar and FLOPS/watt ratios. In particular, the field of numerical linear algebra has been a field of high payoff due to the applicability of the GPU and the widely useful nature of calculations such a system solutions and eigenproblem analysis. We will discuss our experience in this area in light of our CULA package for GPU accelerated linear algebra operations, which Temple University has leveraged in the creation of their PyCULA package.

     

  • Tuesday November 30, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Walter Whiteley, York University, When does added symmetry shifts rigid structures to flexible structures?

     

    For finite frameworks with graph $G$ in dimensions $2$ and $3$, we have necessary conditions for rigidity; $|E| = 2|V|-3$ in the plane (Laman's Theorem) and $|E|=3|V|-6$ in 3-space (Maxwell's condition). Recently, work by a group of researchers has given modified necessary counts for orbits of finite symmetric frameworks, whose failure guarantees symmetry generic frameworks are flexible. The most striking case, visible in a number of classical examples, is generically isostatic frameworks in 3-space which become flexible with half-turn symmetry.

    Several recent papers have given necessary (and sometimes sufficient) conditions for periodic generic frameworks to be infinitesimally rigid. Building on these two foundations, recent work with Bernd Schulze (TU Berlin) and Elissa Ross (York University) has examined necessary conditions for rigidity of periodic frameworks with added symmetry. Again, there are circumstances, such as inversive symmetry in a crystal which convert the count for generic rigidity into an orbit count which guarantees flexibility.

    We will present an overview of these results, with a few animations and tables, as well as the core technique of orbit rigidity matrices. We conclude with an array of unsolved problems. Related papers are on the arXiv.

     

  • Tuesday November 30, 2010 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Radmila Sazdanović, University of Pennsylvania, Categorification of knot and graph polynomials

     

    We review homology theories of links and graphs, focusing on Khovanov link and chromatic graph homology and relations between them.

     

  • Tuesday December 7, 2010 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Fred Cohen, University of Rochester, Spaces of particles, their applications and connections.

    This talk is an exposition of topological, and geometric properties of the classical configuration space of distinct particles in a manifold.

    The main setting is how features of these spaces 'connect' to several phenomena such as linking of circles in three dimensions, knots in three dimensions as well as homotopy groups of spheres. Explanations will be given for how and why these structures fit together.

     

Body

Current contact: Dave Futer or Matthew Stover

 

The Seminar usually takes place on Wednesdays at 2:45 PM in Room 617 on the sixth floor of Wachman Hall.

  • Tuesday February 10, 2009 at 14:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Aaron Magid, University of Michigan, The topology of deformation spaces of hyperbolic 3-manifolds

  • Tuesday February 17, 2009 at 14:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Chris Atkinson, University of Illinois, Chicago, Volume estimates for hyperbolic Coxeter polyhedra

  • Tuesday February 24, 2009 at 14:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Louis Theran, University of Massachusetts, Combinatorial genericity and minimal rigidity

  • Tuesday March 17, 2009 at 14:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Robert Lipshitz, Columbia University, An introduction to bordered Floer homology

  • Monday March 23, 2009 at 14:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Justin Malestein, University of Chicago, On the self-intersections of curves deep in the lower central series of a surface group

  • Tuesday March 24, 2009 at 14:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Temple University Geometry Festival

    Sergio Fenley, Florida State University, Rigidity of pseudo-Anosov flows transverse to R-covered foliations

  • Tuesday March 24, 2009 at 15:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Temple University Geometry Festival

    Tao Li, Boston College, A quadratic bound on the number of boundary slopes of essential surfaces

  • Tuesday March 24, 2009 at 16:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Temple University Geometry Festival

    Ara Basmajian, Hunter College, CUNY, Half-turns and commutators acting on hyperbolic space

  • Tuesday April 7, 2009 at 14:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Roland Roeder, SUNY Stony Brook, Computing arithmetic invariants for hyperbolic reflection groups

  • Tuesday September 15, 2009 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr and Haverford

    Rob Kusner, University of Massachusetts, Moduli spaces of CMC surfaces, spherical metrics, and complex projective structures

  • Tuesday September 15, 2009 at 17:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar joint with Bryn Mawr and Haverford

    Joan Licata, Stanford University, Knot theory and contact lens spaces.

  • Tuesday September 22, 2009 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Kei Nakamura, Temple University, One-sided Heegaard surfaces of hyperbolic once-punctured torus bundles

  • Tuesday September 29, 2009 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Michael Dobbins, Temple University, Combinatorial representations of polytopes and realizability as a matrix completion problem

  • Tuesday October 6, 2009 at 15:30, Bryn Mawr, Park Science Building room 337

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr and Haverford

    Brad Henry, University of Texas, Connections between existing Legendrian knot invariants.

  • Tuesday October 6, 2009 at 17:00, Bryn Mawr, Park Science Building room 337

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr and Haverford

    Roland van der Veen, University of Amsterdam, Dimers and the volume conjecture for planar graphs

  • Tuesday October 13, 2009 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Dave Futer, Temple University, Cusp areas of fibered 3-manifolds, part I

  • Tuesday October 20, 2009 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Dave Futer, Temple University, Cusp areas of fibered 3-manifolds, part II

  • Tuesday November 3, 2009 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar joint with Bryn Mawr and Haverford

    Jessica Purcell, Brigham Young University, Volumes, guts, and the Jones polynomial

  • Tuesday November 3, 2009 at 16:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    PATCH seminar, joint with Bryn Mawr and Haverford

    Dan Rutherford, Duke University, Knot polynomials and invariants of Legendrian knots

  • Wednesday November 11, 2009 at 13:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    -Note different day and time-

    Peter Scott, University of Michigan, Splittings of groups and manifolds

  • Tuesday November 17, 2009 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Khalid Bou-Rabee, University of Chicago, Number theory on groups

  • Tuesday November 24, 2009 at 15:30, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Eugene Gutkin, Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Security and flatness for Riemannian surfaces

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Current contact: Dave Futer or Matthew Stover

 

The Seminar usually takes place on Wednesdays at 2:45 PM in Room 617 on the sixth floor of Wachman Hall.

  • Tuesday September 30, 2008 at 13:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Peter Storm, University of Pennsylvania, Finding faithful linear representations with dense image

  • Tuesday October 7, 2008 at 13:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Josh Sabloff, Haverford College, Symplectic rigidity for Lagrangian cobordisms

  • Tuesday October 28, 2008 at 13:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Xiaobo Liu, Columbia University, Quantization of Teichmuller space

  • Tuesday November 4, 2008 at 13:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Ilya Kofman, College of Staten Island, A new twist on Lorenz links

  • Tuesday November 11, 2008 at 13:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Roland van der Veen, University of Amsterdam, The Jones polynomial of embedded graphs: Geometry and combinatorics

  • Tuesday November 18, 2008 at 13:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Shea Vela-Vick, University of Pennsylvania, Transverse invariants and bindings of open books

  • Tuesday November 25, 2008 at 13:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Feng Luo, Rutgers University, Remarks on ideal triangulations of hyperbolic 3-manifolds

  • Tuesday December 2, 2008 at 13:00, Wachman 617

    GeoTop Seminar

    Clay Shonkweiler, University of Pennsylvania, Poincare duality angles for Riemannian manifolds with boundary

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The seminar is jointly organized between Temple and Penn, by Brian Rider (Temple) and Robin Pemantle (Penn).

Talks are Tuesdays 3:00 - 4:00 pm and are held either in Wachman 617 (Temple) or David Rittenhouse Lab 4C6 (Penn).

You can also check out the seminar website at Penn.

  • Tuesday January 26, 2016 at 14:30, David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8

    Largest eignevalues in random matrix beta ensembles: structure of the limit

    Vadim Gorin, MIT

  • Tuesday February 2, 2016 at 14:30, David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8

    Bootstrap percolation on the Hamming torus

    Eric Slivken, UC Davis

  • Tuesday February 9, 2016 at 14:30, David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8

    Limit theorems for monotone subsequences in Mallows permutations

    Nayantara Bhatnagar, Univ Delaware

  • Tuesday February 16, 2016 at 14:30, Wachman 617

    Burgers equations with random forcing

    Yuri Bakhtin, NYU

  • Tuesday March 1, 2016 at 14:30, David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8

    Mean field Ising models 

    Sumit Mukherjee, Columbia

  • Tuesday March 15, 2016 at 14:30, Wachman 617

    The chemical distance in critical percolation

    Philippe Sosoe, Harvard

  • Tuesday March 22, 2016 at 14:30, Wachman 617

    The scaling limit of the loop-erased random walk Green's function

    Christian Benes, CUNY

  • Tuesday March 29, 2016 at 14:30, David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8

    Random walks on abelian sandpiles

    John Pike, Cornell

  • Tuesday April 5, 2016 at 14:30, David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8

    Nodal sets of random eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator

    Boris Hanin, MIT

  • Tuesday April 12, 2016 at 14:30, David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8

    Stochastic approach to anomalous diffusion in two dimensional, incompressible, periodic, celluar flows

    Zsolt Pajor-Gyulai, Courant

  • Tuesday April 19, 2016 at 14:30, David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8

    Markov chain convergence via regeneration

    Dan Jerison, Cornell

  • Tuesday April 26, 2016 at 14:30, David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8

    The frog model with drift on R

    Josh Rosenberg, Penn

  • Tuesday September 6, 2016 at 15:00, UPenn (DRL 4C6)

    Random planar metrics of Gaussian free fields

    Jian Ding, Chicago

    I will present a few recent results on random planar metrics of two-dimensional discrete Gaussian free fields, including Liouville first passage percolation, the chemical distance for level-set percolation and the electric effective resistance on an associated random network. Besides depicting a fascinating picture for 2D GFF, these metric aspects are closely related to various models of planar random walks.

     

  • Tuesday September 13, 2016 at 15:00, UPenn (DRL 4C6)

    An Introduction to Limit Theorems for Nonconventional Sums

    Yuri Kifer, Hebrew University

    I'll survey some of the series results on limit theorems for nonconventional sums of the form \[ \sum_{n=1}^NF(X_n,X_{2n},...,X_{\ell n}) \] and more general ones, where $\{ X_n\}$ is a sequence of random variables with sufficiently weak dependence.

  • Tuesday September 20, 2016 at 15:00, Temple (Wachman 617)

    Loop erased random walk, uniform spanning tree and bi-Laplacian Gaussian field in the critical dimension

    Wei Wu, NYU

    Critical lattice models are believed to converge to a free field in the scaling limit, at or above their critical dimension. This has been (partially) established for Ising and $\Phi^4$ models for $d \geq 4$. We describe a simple spin model from uniform spanning forests in $\mathbb{Z}^d$ whose critical dimension is 4 and prove that the scaling limit is the bi-Laplacian Gaussian field for $d\ge 4$. At dimension $4$, there is a logarithmic correction for the spin-spin correlation and the bi-Laplacian Gaussian field is a log correlated field. The proof also improves the known mean field picture of LERW in $d=4$, by showing that the renormalized escape probability (and arm events) of 4D LERW converge to some "continuum escaping probability". Based on joint works with Greg Lawler and Xin Sun.

     

  • Tuesday September 27, 2016 at 15:00, UPenn (DRL 4C6)

    Corners in tree-like tableaux

    Amanda Lohss, Drexel

    Tree–like tableaux are combinatorial objects which exhibit a natural tree structure and are connected to the partially asymmetric simple exclusion process (PASEP). There was a conjecture made on the total number of corners in tree–like tableaux and the total number of corners in symmetric tree–like tableaux. We have proven both conjectures based on a bijection with permutation tableaux and type–B permutation tableaux. In addition, we have shown that the number of diagonal boxes in symmetric tree–like tableaux is asymptotically normal and that the number of occupied corners in a random tree–like tableau is asymptotically Poisson. This extends earlier results of Aval, Boussicault, Nadeau, and Laborde Zubieta, respectively.

     

  • Tuesday October 4, 2016 at 15:00, Temple (Wachman 617)

    Chaining, interpolation, and convexity

    Ramon van Handel, Princeton

    A significant achievement of modern probability theory is the development of sharp connections between the boundedness of random processes and the geometry of the underlying index set. In particular, the generic chaining method of Talagrand provides in principle a sharp understanding of the suprema of Gaussian processes. The multiscale geometric structure that arises in this method is however notoriously difficult to control in any given situation. In this talk, I will exhibit a surprisingly simple but very general geometric construction, inspired by real interpolation of Banach spaces, that is readily amenable to explicit computations and that explains the behavior of Gaussian processes in various interesting situations where classical entropy methods are known to fail.

     

  • Tuesday October 11, 2016 at 15:00, UPenn (DRL 4C6)

    The front location for branching Brownian motion with decay of mass

    Louigi Addario-Berry, McGill

    I will describe joint work with Sarah Penington (Oxford). Consider a standard branching Brownian motion whose particles have varying mass. At time t, if a total mass m of particles have distance less than one from a fixed particle $x$, then the mass of particle $x$ decays at rate m. The total mass increases via branching events: on branching, a particle of mass m creates two identical mass-m particles. One may define the front of this system as the point beyond which there is a total mass less than one (or beyond which the expected mass is less than one). This model possesses much less independence than standard BBM, and martingales are hard to come by. Nonetheless, it is possible to prove that (in a rather weak sense) the front is at distance $\sim c t^{1/3}$ behind the typical BBM front. At a high level, our argument for this may be described as a proof by contradiction combined with fine estimates on the probability Brownian motion stays in a narrow tube of varying width.

     

  • Tuesday October 18, 2016 at 15:00, UPenn (DRL 4C6)

    Random discrete structures: Scaling limits and universality

    Sanchayan Sen, Eindhoven

    One major conjecture in probabilistic combinatorics, formulated by statistical physicists using non-rigorous arguments and enormous simulations in the early 2000s, is as follows: for a wide array of random graph models on n vertices and degree exponent $\tau>3$, typical distance both within maximal components in the critical regime as well as on the minimal spanning tree on the giant component in the supercritical regime scale like $n^{\frac{\tau\wedge 4 -3}{\tau\wedge 4 -1}}$. In other words, the degree exponent determines the universality class the random graph belongs to. More generally, recent research has provided strong evidence to believe that several objects constructed on a wide class of random discrete structures including (a) components under critical percolation, (b) the vacant set left by a random walk, and (c) the minimal spanning tree, viewed as metric measure spaces converge, after scaling the graph distance, to some random fractals, and these limiting objects are universal under some general assumptions. We report on recent progress in proving these conjectures. Based on joint work with Shankar Bhamidi, Nicolas Broutin, Remco van der Hofstad, and Xuan Wang.

     

  • Tuesday October 25, 2016 at 15:00, UPenn (DRL 4C6)

    Asymptotics of stochastic particle systems via Schur generating functions

    Alexey Bufetov, MIT

    We will discuss a new approach to the analysis of the global behavior of stochastic discrete particle systems. This approach links the asymptotics of these systems with properties of certain observables related to the Schur symmetric functions. As applications of this method, we prove the Law of Large Numbers and the Central Limit Theorem for various models of random lozenge and domino tilings, non-intersecting random walks, and decompositions of tensor products of representations of unitary groups. Based on joint works with V. Gorin and A. Knizel.

     

  • Tuesday November 1, 2016 at 15:00, UPenn (DRL 4C6)

    Markov Chains of Exchangeable Structures

    Henry Towsner, UPenn

    The Aldous-Hoover Theorem characterizes arrays of random variables which are exchangeable - that is, the distribution is invariant under permutations of the indices of the array. We consider the extension to exchangeable Markov chains. In order to give a satisfactory classification, we need an extension of the Adous-Hoover Theorem to "relatively exchangeable" arrays, which are only invariant under some permutations. Different families of permutations lead to different characterization theorems, with the crucial distinction coming from a model theoretic characterization of the way finite arrays can be amalgamated.

     

  • Tuesday November 8, 2016 at 15:00, UPenn (DRL 4C6)

    Local max-cut in smoothed polynomial time

    Sébastien Bubek, Microsoft

    The local max-cut problem asks to find a partition of the vertices in a weighted graph such that the cut weight cannot be improved by moving a single vertex (that is the partition is locally optimal). This comes up naturally, for example, in computing Nash equilibrium for the party affiliation game. It is well-known that the natural local search algorithm for this problem might take exponential time to reach a locally optimal solution. We show that adding a little bit of noise to the weights tames this exponential into a polynomial. In particular we show that local max-cut is in smoothed polynomial time (this improves the recent quasi-polynomial result of Etscheid and Roglin). Joint work with Omer Angel, Yuval Peres, and Fan Wei.

     

  • Tuesday November 15, 2016 at 15:00, Temple (Wachman 617)

    The law of fractional logarithm in the GUE minor process

    Elliot Paquette, Ohio State

    Consider an infinite array of standard complex normal variables which are independent up to Hermitian symmetry. The eigenvalues of the upper-left NxN submatrices, form what is called the GUE minor process. This largest-eigenvalue process is a canonical example of the Airy process which is connected to many other growth processes. We show that if one lets N vary over all natural numbers, then the sequence of largest eigenvalues satisfies a 'law of fractional logarithm,' in analogy with the classical law of iterated logarithm for simple random walk. This GUE minor process is determinantal, and our proof relies on this. However, we reduce the problem to correlation and decorrelation estimates that must be made about the largest eigenvalues of pairs of GUE matrices, which we hope is useful for other similar problems.

    This is joint work with Ofer Zeitouni.

     

  • Tuesday November 29, 2016 at 15:00, Temple (Wachman 617)

    Arm events in invasion percolation

    Jack Hanson, CUNY

    Invasion percolation is a "self-organized critical" distribution on random subgraphs of Z^2, believed to exhibit much of the same behavior as critical percolation models. Self-organization means that this happens spontaneously without tuning some parameter to a critical value. In two dimensions, some aspects of the invasion graph are known to correspond to those in critical models, and some differences are known. We will discuss new results on the probabilities of various "arm events" -- events that connections from the origin to a large distance n are either present or "closed" in the invasion graph. We show that some of these events have probabilities obeying power laws with the same power as in the critical model, while all others differ from the critical model's by a power of n.

     

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The seminar is jointly organized between Temple, UPenn and Univ Delaware, by Brian Rider (Temple), Robin Pemantle (Penn), Nayantara Bhatnagar (Delaware).

 

Talks are Tuesdays 2:30 - 3:30 pm and are held either in Wachman 617 (Temple) or David Rittenhouse Lab 3C8 (Penn).

You can also check out the snazzier website maintained by R. Pemantle.

Current contacts: Vasily Dolgushev, Ed Letzter, Martin Lorenz or Chelsea Walton

 

The Seminar usually takes place on Mondays at 1:30 PM in Room 617 on the sixth floor of Wachman Hall. Click on title for abstract.

The colloquium typically meets Mondays at 4:00 PM in Room 617 on the sixth floor of Wachman Hall.

The colloquium is preceded by tea starting at 3:30 in the Faculty Lounge, adjacent to Room 617. Click on title for abstract.

  • Monday February 4, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Mathematical Aspects of Arbitrage

    Ioannis Karatzas, Columbia University

    We introduce models for financial markets and, in their context, the notions of portfolio rules and of arbitrage. The normative assumption of absence of arbitrage is central in the modern theories of mathematical economics and finance. We relate it to probabilistic concepts such as "fair game", "martingale", "coherence" in the sense of deFinetti, and "equivalent martingale measure". 

    We also survey recent work in the context of the Stochastic Portfolio Theory pioneered by E.R. Fernholz. This theory provides descriptive conditions under which opportunities for arbitrage, or outperformance, do exist; then constructs simple portfolios that implement them. We also explain how, even in the presence of such arbitrage, most of the standard mathematical theory of finance still functions, though in somewhat modified form.

  • Monday February 18, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Counting closed geodesics: classical and non-classical behavior

    Ilya Kapovich, CUNY

    The problem of counting closed geodesics of bounded length, originally in the setting of negatively curved manifolds, goes back to the classic work of Margulis in 1960s about the dynamics of the geodesic flow. Since then Margulis' results have been generalized to many other contexts where some whiff of hyperbolicity is present. Thus a 2011 result of Eskin and Mirzakhani shows that for a closed hyperbolic surface S of genus $g\ge 2$, the number $N(L)$ of closed Teichmuller geodesics of length $\le L$ in the moduli space of $S$ grows as $e^{hL}/(hL)$ where $h=6g-6$. The number $N(L)$ is also equal to the number of conjugacy classes of pseudo-Anosov elements $\phi$ in the mapping class group $MCG(S)$ with $\log\lambda(\phi)\le L$, where $\lambda(\phi)>1$ is the "dilation" or "stretch factor" of $\phi$. 

    We consider an analogous problem in the $Out(F_r)$ setting, for the action of $Out(F_r)$ on a "cousin" of Teichmuller space, called the Culler-Vogtmann outer space $X_r$. In this context being a "fully irreducible" element of $Out(F_r)$ serves as a natural counterpart of being pseudo-Anosov. Every fully irreducible $\phi\in Out(F_r)$ acts on $X_r$ as a loxodromic isometry with translation length $\log\lambda(\phi)$, where again $\lambda(\phi)$ is the stretch factor of $\phi$. We estimate the number $N_r(L)$ of fully irreducible elements $\phi\in Out(F_r)$ with $\log\lambda(\phi)\le L$. We prove, for $r\ge 3$, that $N_r(L)$ grows doubly exponentially in $L$ as $L\to\infty$, in terms of both lower and upper bounds. These bounds reveal new behavior not present in classic hyperbolic dynamical systems. The talk is based on a joint paper with Catherine Pfaff.

  • Monday March 11, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Molecular metaprogramming: Software and hardware to create enzyme like catalysts and atomically precise membranes using molecular Lego

    Christian Schafmeister, Department of Chemistry, Temple University

    My group has developed a radical new approach to creating large, complex molecules to carry out complex catalytic and molecular recognition functions that will work like enzymes and membrane channels but be more robust and “designable” (see inset figure). Our approach is to synthesize stereochemically pure cyclic building blocks (bis-amino acids) that we couple through pairs of amide bonds to create spiro-ladder oligomers with programmed shapes (molecular Lego). The shape of each molecular Lego structure is pre-organized and controlled by the sequence and stereochemistry of its component bis-amino acids. We are scaling up molecular Lego both in quantity and size to achieve molecular Lego structures that approach the size of small proteins whereupon they will unlock new capabilities. They will display complex three-dimensional structures and present pockets and complex surfaces (1,500 – 5,000 Daltons). We have developed a computer programming environment called Cando that enables the rational design of molecular Lego structures for catalytic and molecular recognition capabilities. I will describe our approach to molecular Lego and several applications of functionalized molecular Lego including catalysis to carry out C-H activation, hydrolyze nerve agents and stereochemically controlled poly-ester polymerization reactions. I will also describe our approach to developing atomically precise membranes to carry out separations with high flux and selectivity. I will also demonstrate how we are using our unique computational tools to design large, complex macromolecules and materials with catalytic and separation capabilities.
     

  • Monday March 18, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Introduction to the asymmetric simple exclusion process (from a combinatorialist’s point of view)

    Lauren Williams, Harvard University

    The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) is a model of particles hopping on a one-dimensional lattice, subject to the condition that there is at most one particle per site. This model was introduced in 1970 by biologists (as a model for translation in protein synthesis) but has since been shown to display a rich mathematical structure. There are many variants of the model – e.g. the lattice could be a ring, or a line with open boundaries. One can also allow multiple species of particles with different “weights.” I will explain how one can give combinatorial formulas for the stationary distribution using various kinds of tableaux. I will also explain how the ASEP is related to interesting families of orthogonal polynomials, including Askey-Wilson polynomials, Koornwinder polynomials, and Macdonald polynomials. Based on joint work with Sylvie Corteel (Paris) and Olya Mandelshtam (Brown).
     

  • Monday March 25, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Singular integrals and boundary problems on Riemannian manifolds

    Marius Mitrea, University of Missouri

    In this talk I will discuss, in a methodical manner, the process that lets us consider singular integral operators of boundary layer type in a given compact Riemannian manifold M, and then use these to solve boundary value problems in subdomains of M of a general nature, best described in the language of Geometric Measure Theory. The talk is intended for a general audience, and it only requires a basic background in analysis.

  • Monday April 1, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Random matrices and stochastic geometry

    Todd Kemp, UCSD

    Random Matrix Theory has become one of the hottest fields in probability and applied mathematics. With deep connections to analysis, combinatorics, and even number theory and representation theory, in the age of big data it is also finding its place at the heart of data science.

    The field has largely focused on two kinds of generalizations of Gaussian random matrices, either preserving entry-wise independence or preserving rotational invariance. From another point of view, however, the classical Gaussian matrix ensembles can be viewed as Brownian motion on Lie algebras, and this Lie structure goes a long way in explaining some of their known fine structure. This suggests a third, geometric generalization of these ensembles to study: Brownian motion on the corresponding matrix Lie groups.

    In this lecture, I will discuss the state of the art in our understanding of the behavior of eigenvalues of Brownian motion on Lie groups, focusing on unitary groups and general linear groups. No specialized background knowledge is required. There will be lots of pictures.

  • Monday April 8, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Quantitative immersability of Riemann metrics and the infinite hierarchy of prestrained shell models

    Marta Lewicka, University of Pittsburgh

    We discuss some mathematical problems combining geometry and analysis, that arise from the description of elastic objects displaying heterogeneous incompatibilities of strains. These strains may be present in bulk or in thin structures, may be associated with growth, swelling, shrinkage, plasticity, etc. We will describe the effect of such incompatibilities on the singular limits' bidimensional models, in the variational description pertaining to the "non-Euclidean elasticity" and discuss the interaction of nonlinear PDEs, geometry and mechanics of materials in the prediction of patterns and shape formation.

  • Monday April 29, 2019 at 15:00, SERC 116 ****atypical time and place****

    Joint Colloquium Mathematics and Physics: Pilot-wave hydrodynamics

    John Bush, MIT

    Yves Couder and coworkers in Paris discovered that droplets walking on a vibrating fluid bath exhibit several features previously thought to be exclusive to the microscopic, quantum realm. These walking droplets propel themselves by virtue of a resonant interaction with their own wavefield, and so represent the first macroscopic realization of a pilot-wave system of the form proposed for microscopic quantum dynamics by Louis de Broglie in the 1920s. New experimental and theoretical results allow us to rationalize the emergence of quantum-like behavior in this hydrodynamic pilot-wave system in a number of settings, and explore its potential and limitations as a quantum analog.

  • Monday October 7, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Biological fluid mechanics: hydrodynamically-coupled oscillators

    Lisa Fauci, Tulane University

    Respiratory cilia that transport mucus in the lungs, spermatozoa that collectively move through the female reproductive tract, paddling appendages that propel a crawfish, and fish swimming in a school are all examples of oscillators that exert force on a surrounding fluid. Do the synchronous or phase-shifted periodic motions that we observe arise due to hydrodynamic coupling? We will discuss experiments and models of the self-organized pattern of beating flagella and cilia — from minimal models of colloidal particles driven by optical traps to more detailed models that include dynamics of the molecular motors driving the motion. We will also examine the role of fluid inertia on the dynamics of synchronization of such systems.

  • Monday October 14, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Local-global principles, old and new

    David Harbater, University of Pennsylvania

    Local-global principles have long played an important role in number theory and in the study of curves over finite fields, beginning with the Hasse-Minkowski theorem on quadratic forms. After reviewing the classical situation, this talk will discuss local-global principles that have recently been found to hold in the context of certain "higher dimensional" fields, using new methods.
     

  • Monday October 28, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Stability and instability of spectrum for noisy perturbations of non-Hermitian matrices

    Ofer Zeitouni, Weizmann Institute and Courant Institute, NYU

    We discuss the spectrum of high dimensional non-Hermitian matrices under small noisy perturbations. That spectrum can be extremely unstable, as the maximal nilpotent matrix $J_N$ with $J_N(i,j)=1$ iff $j=i+1$ demonstrates. Numerical analysts studied worst case perturbations, using the notion of pseudo-spectrum. Our focus is on finding the locus of most eigenvalues (limits of density of states), as well as studying stray eigenvalues ("outliers"). I will describe the background, show some fun and intriguing simulations, and present some theorems. No background will be assumed. The talk is based on joint work with Anirban Basak and Elliot Paquette.

  • Tuesday November 12, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Cubic fourfolds: Rationality and derived categories

    Howard Nuer, University of Illinois at Chicago

    The question of determining if a given algebraic variety is rational is a notoriously difficult problem in algebraic geometry, and attempts to solve rationality problems have often produced powerful new techniques.  A well-known open rationality problem is the determination of a criterion for when a cubic hypersurface of five-dimensional projective space is rational.  After discussing the history of this problem, I will introduce the two conjectural rationality criteria that have been put forth and then discuss a package of tools I have developed with my collaborators to bring these two conjectures together.  Our theory of Relative Bridgeland Stability has a number of other beautiful consequences such as a new proof of the integral Hodge Conjecture for Cubic Fourfolds and the construction of full-dimensional families of projective HyperKahler manifolds. 

  • Monday November 18, 2019 at 15:00, Wachman 617

    Skein modules, quantum groups and finite-dimensionality 

    Pavel Safronov, University of Zurich

    Skein modules are certain vector spaces associated to 3-manifolds built from embedded links which may be viewed as a generalization of the Jones polynomial of links in the 3-sphere. In this talk I will explain their connection to quantum groups, Floer theory and supersymmetric gauge theories. I will also outline a recent proof of a conjecture of Witten on finite-dimensionality of skein modules for closed 3-manifolds. This is joint work with Sam Gunningham and David Jordan.

  • Monday December 2, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    Arithmetic, Geometry, and the Hodge and Tate Conjectures for self-products of K3 surfaces

    Jaclyn Lang, University of Paris 13

    Although studying numbers seems to have little to do with shapes, geometry has become an indispensable tool in number theory during the last 70 years.  Deligne's proof of the Weil Conjectures, Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, and Faltings's proof of the Mordell Conjecture all require machinery from Grothendieck's algebraic geometry.  It is less frequent to find instances where tools from number theory have been used to deduce theorems in geometry. In this talk, we will introduce one tool from each of these subjects -- Galois representations in number theory and cohomology in geometry -- and explain how arithmetic can be used as a tool to prove some important conjectures in geometry.  More precisely, we will discuss ongoing joint work with Laure Flapan in which we prove the Hodge and Tate Conjectures for self-products of 16 K3-surfaces using arithmetic techniques. 

  • Thursday December 5, 2019 at 16:00, Wachman 617

    The graph minor theorem, and graph configuration spaces

    Eric Ramos, University of Oregon

    Perhaps one of the most well-known theorems in graph theory is the celebrated Graph Minor Theorem of Robertson and Seymour. This theorem states that in any infinite collection of finite graphs, there must be a pair of graphs for which one is obtained from the other by a sequence of edge contractions and deletions. In this talk, I will present work of Nick Proudfoot, Dane Miyata, and myself which proves a categorified version of the graph minor theorem. As an application, we show how configuration spaces of graphs must display some strongly uniform properties. We then show how this result can be seen as a vast generalization of a variety of classical theorems in graph configuration spaces. This talk will assume minimal background knowledge, and will display few technical details. 

Event Date
2024-12-05
Event Time
05:00 pm ~ 06:00 pm
Event Location
Wachman 617
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Join us for the last game night, also the last meeting of the semester. We will be playing board games and eat pizza. Hope to see you there!

 

Event flyer